Open defecation (OD) has been demonstrated to be a major contributing factor to poor health, resulting in adverse social and economic impacts due to work and educational disruptions. Despite various policy-driven efforts since 1954 to eradicate OD, it remains highly prevalent in India—especially in rural areas where there is a lack of toilets. A survey conducted in 2012 revealed that 60% of rural households (and 9% of urban households) had no toilet access. India’s open defecation rate of 40% was one of the highest in the world—more than three times the global average of 12%.